Potential Roles of Muscle-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Remodeling Cellular Microenvironment: Proposed Implications of the Exercise-Induced Myokine, Irisin

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as key players of intercellular communication and mediate crosstalk between tissues. Metastatic tumors release tumorigenic EVs, capable pre-conditioning distal sites for organotropic metastasis. Growing evidence identifies muscle cell-derived EVs myokines potent mediators cellular differentiation, proliferation, metabolism. Muscle-derived cargo other biological modulators like microRNAs, cytokines, chemokines, prostaglandins hence, are likely to modulate the remodeling niches in vital sites, such liver adipose Despite scarcity support a direct relationship muscle-EVs cancer metastasis, their indirect attribution regulation niche establishment pre-metastatic homing can be put forward. This hypothesis is supported by role muscle-derived findings gathered from pathologies inflammation metabolic disorders. In this review, we present discuss studies that evidently potential roles events metastatic tumor microenvironment. We highlight contributions integrin-mediated interactions with an emerging myokine, irisin, EV-driven microenvironment Further research into progression imperative may hold promising advance our knowledge pathophysiology, therapeutic management cancers.